Early pregnancy symptoms overlap heavily with PMS. Many of the signs people associate with being pregnant, like breast tenderness, fatigue, and mood changes, are also normal progesterone-driven symptoms in the luteal phase of any cycle. A test is the only reliable way to know.
Most Common Early Signs of Pregnancy
- Missed period: The most reliable early sign. If your period is late, this is your cue to test.
- Breast tenderness and swelling: Often heavier or more sensitive than usual PMS tenderness.
- Fatigue: Feeling more tired than usual, often starting in week 4-5.
- Nausea: Often called morning sickness, but it can happen at any time of day.
- Light spotting: Possible implantation bleeding, usually lighter and shorter than a period.
- Frequent urination: Starting around week 6, as pregnancy hormones increase kidney function.
- Food aversions or cravings: Sudden strong reactions to certain smells or foods.
- Mood changes: Heightened emotional sensitivity from rising hormone levels.
PMS vs Early Pregnancy: Key Differences
The honest answer is that most symptoms overlap almost completely. The one meaningful difference is timing: PMS symptoms typically ease once your period starts. Pregnancy symptoms persist and often intensify as hCG levels rise.
If you experience symptoms that feel more intense than usual and your period does not arrive, that is a reason to test.
When Do Symptoms Start?
The very earliest possible signs (like implantation spotting or a slightly elevated temperature) can appear around 6-12 days past ovulation, after implantation occurs. Most noticeable symptoms, such as nausea, breast changes, and fatigue, typically begin around 4-6 weeks after your last menstrual period.
When to Test
For the most accurate result, wait until the first day of your missed period and test with first morning urine, when hCG concentration is highest. Testing earlier is possible with sensitive tests, but false negatives are common before your period is due.
If the Test Is Positive
- Schedule a prenatal appointment with your doctor or midwife.
- Start (or continue) a prenatal vitamin with folate if you have not already.
- Avoid alcohol, smoking, and limit caffeine.
- Note your last menstrual period date for dating purposes.
Track Your Cycle and Symptoms
Bloom helps you spot patterns and know where you are in your cycle, so you are never guessing.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I have no symptoms and still be pregnant?
Yes. Some people experience very few or no noticeable symptoms in early pregnancy. The absence of symptoms does not mean you are not pregnant. A test is the only way to know for certain.
Is spotting always implantation bleeding?
No. Spotting can be caused by many things, including hormonal changes, cervical irritation, or the start of a period. Implantation bleeding, if it occurs, is typically lighter and shorter than a period, often just a spot or two. Read more about implantation bleeding.
How soon after conception do pregnancy symptoms start?
The earliest possible signs can appear around 6-7 days after conception. Most noticeable symptoms, like nausea and breast tenderness, typically begin around 4-6 weeks after your last menstrual period.